{"id":13313,"date":"2025-07-09T09:48:42","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T09:48:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/?p=13313"},"modified":"2025-07-09T10:01:28","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T10:01:28","slug":"spoznajte-rastlinsko-druzino-kukavicevke-orchidaceae-upoznajte-biljnu-porodicu-kacune-orchidaceae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/2025\/07\/09\/spoznajte-rastlinsko-druzino-kukavicevke-orchidaceae-upoznajte-biljnu-porodicu-kacune-orchidaceae\/","title":{"rendered":"Spoznajte rastlinsko dru\u017eino \u2013 kukavi\u010devke (Orchidaceae) \/ Upoznajte biljnu porodicu \u2013 ka\u0107une (Orchidaceae)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h1>Kukavi\u010devke (Orchidaceae)<\/h1>\n<h1 align=\"justify\">\ud83c\uddf8\ud83c\uddee<\/h1>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Kukavi\u010devke (<\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Orhidaceae<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">), znane tudi kot divje rasto\u010de orhideje, predstavljajo eno izmed najve\u010djih rastlinskih dru\u017ein. Uspevajo skoraj povsod &#8211; od suhih hribovskih travnikov, gozdnih robov, notranjosti gozdov do mokrotnih travnikov.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Prepoznamo jih po izjemno raznolikih, pogosto barvitih in zna\u010dilno oblikovanih cvetovih. Cvetovi so dvobo\u010dno somerni in sestavljeni iz dveh krogov s po tremi cvetnimi listi. Najbolj prepoznaven je srednji list notranjega kroga cvetnega odevala t.i. medena ustna. To je cvetni list, ki se je razvil v privla\u010dno strukturo za privabljanje opra\u0161evalcev. Medena ustna je lahko cela, raz\u010dlenjena, s prirastki ali zobci, lahko pa je kot pri rodu lepi \u010develjc (<\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Cypripedium<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">) mehurjasto napihnjena.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Najpogosteje jih opra\u0161ujejo \u017eu\u017eelke. Nekatere vrste, kot na primer tiste iz rodu ma\u010djih u\u0161es (<\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Ophrys<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">), so dosegle zavidljivo stopnjo specializacije v privabljanju opra\u0161evalcev, saj njihova medena ustna posnema videz samic nekaterih vrst \u017eu\u017eelk in s pomo\u010djo vidnih in kemi\u010dnih prevar privablja samce, da rastlino opra\u0161ijo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" align=\"justify\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Orhideje se razmno\u017eujejo s semeni ali vegetativno. Njihova semena skoraj ne vsebujejo hranilnih snovi, potrebnih za kalitev, zato za uspe\u0161en razvoj potrebujejo ustrezne glive, ki jih oskrbujejo s hranili.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" align=\"justify\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Vse vrste kukavi\u010devk so v Sloveniji in na Hrva\u0161kem zavarovane, zato jih ni dovoljeno nabirati ali izkopavati.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:33.333333333333% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 5.76%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 5.76%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:33.333333333333% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 5.76%;margin-left : 5.76%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div ><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1133\" height=\"992\" title=\"Orchis militaris_EJ\" src=\"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-militaris_EJ.png\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-13315\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-militaris_EJ-200x175.png 200w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-militaris_EJ-400x350.png 400w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-militaris_EJ-600x525.png 600w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-militaris_EJ-800x700.png 800w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-militaris_EJ.png 1133w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><em>Orchis militaris <\/em>(L.)<\/p>\n<\/div><div ><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1146\" height=\"1005\" title=\"Navadna oblasta_EJ\" src=\"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Navadna-oblasta_EJ.png\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-13318\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Navadna-oblasta_EJ-200x175.png 200w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Navadna-oblasta_EJ-400x351.png 400w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Navadna-oblasta_EJ-600x526.png 600w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Navadna-oblasta_EJ-800x702.png 800w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Navadna-oblasta_EJ.png 1146w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p><em>Traunsteinera globoca\u00a0 <\/em>(L.) Rchb.<\/p>\n<\/div><div ><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1149\" height=\"995\" title=\"Orchis ustulata_EJ\" src=\"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-ustulata_EJ.png\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-13321\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-ustulata_EJ-200x173.png 200w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-ustulata_EJ-400x346.png 400w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-ustulata_EJ-600x520.png 600w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-ustulata_EJ-800x693.png 800w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Orchis-ustulata_EJ.png 1149w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p><em>Orchis ustulata<\/em> (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon, M.W.Chase<\/p>\n<\/div><div ><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1148\" height=\"1003\" title=\"Ophrys insectifera_EJ\" src=\"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Ophrys-insectifera_EJ.png\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-13338\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Ophrys-insectifera_EJ-200x175.png 200w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Ophrys-insectifera_EJ-400x349.png 400w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Ophrys-insectifera_EJ-600x524.png 600w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Ophrys-insectifera_EJ-800x699.png 800w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Ophrys-insectifera_EJ.png 1148w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p><em>Ophrys insectifera <\/em>(L.)<\/p>\n<\/div><div ><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-5 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1155\" height=\"998\" title=\"Spiranthes spiralis_EJ\" src=\"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Spiranthes-spiralis_EJ.png\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-13341\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Spiranthes-spiralis_EJ-200x173.png 200w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Spiranthes-spiralis_EJ-400x346.png 400w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Spiranthes-spiralis_EJ-600x518.png 600w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Spiranthes-spiralis_EJ-800x691.png 800w, http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/103\/2025\/07\/Spiranthes-spiralis_EJ.png 1155w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p><em>Spiranthes spiralis <\/em>(L.) Chevall<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p>FOTO: Ema Jev\u0161nik (JZ KP)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:33.333333333333% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 5.76%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 5.76%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:33.333333333333% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 5.76%;margin-left : 5.76%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><h1>Ka\u0107uni (Orchidaceae)<\/h1>\n<h1 align=\"justify\">\ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddf7<\/h1>\n<p align=\"justify\"><i><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Ka\u0107uni (Orchidaceae), poznatiji kao divlje orhideje, pripadaju jednoj od najbrojnijih porodica biljaka na svijetu. Rasprostranjeni su u gotovo svim stani\u0161tima \u2013 od suhih brdskih travnjaka i \u0161umskih rubova, preko unutra\u0161njosti \u0161uma, pa sve do vla\u017enih i mo\u010dvarnih travnjaka.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><i><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Prepoznajemo ih po iznimno raznolikim, \u010desto \u017eivopisno obojenim i osebujno oblikovanim cvjetovima. Cvijet ka\u0107una dvostrano je simetri\u010dan i gra\u0111en od dvaju krugova s po tri latice. Najupadljivija je srednja latica unutarnjeg kruga ocvije\u0107a, takozvana medna usna \u2013 specijalizirani organ koji privla\u010di opra\u0161iva\u010de. Mo\u017ee biti cijela, razdijeljena, imati zupce ili nastavke, a kod roda gospina papu\u010dica (Cypripedium) poprima karakteristi\u010dan, mjehurasto napuhan oblik.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><i><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i opra\u0161iva\u010di ka\u0107una su kukci. Neke vrste, primjerice one iz roda kokica (Ophrys), razvile su izuzetno sofisticirane mehanizme privla\u010denja \u2013 njihova medna usna opona\u0161a izgled \u017eenki odre\u0111enih kukaca, a koriste\u0107i vizualne i kemijske signale, privla\u010de mu\u017ejake koji nenamjerno opra\u0161uju biljku.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><i><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Razmno\u017eavaju se sjemenom i vegetativno. Me\u0111utim, sjemenke orhideja gotovo da ne sadr\u017ee hranjive tvari potrebne za klijanje, stoga za uspje\u0161an rast ovise o simbiotskom odnosu s odre\u0111enim gljivama koje ih opskrbljuju hranjivim tvarima.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><i><span style=\"font-family: Truculenta;font-weight: 300;font-size: 21px\" data-fusion-font=\"true\" data-fusion-google-font=\"Truculenta\" data-fusion-google-variant=\"300\">Sve vrste ka\u0107una u Hrvatskoj i Sloveniji zakonom su za\u0161ti\u0107ene. Strogo je zabranjeno njihovo branje i iskopavanje iz prirode.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:33.333333333333% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 5.76%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 5.76%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:33.333333333333% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 5.76%;margin-left : 5.76%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":13327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13313"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13313"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13344,"href":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13313\/revisions\/13344"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.si-hr.eu\/2127\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}